SUFISM: A New History Of Islamic Mysticism by Alexander Knysh

"Sufism: A New History of Islamic Mysticism" by Alexander Knysh offers a groundbreaking history of Sufism, the ascetic-mystical branch of Islam, tracing its evolution from the early days of Islam to the present. Once the dominant mystical tradition within Islam, Sufism experienced a decline in the 20th century but has seen a remarkable revival in recent years.

In this detailed and comprehensive work, Knysh, a leading expert on Sufism, explores the tradition's rich and diverse history. He examines how Sufism has been perceived by both its followers and external observers over the centuries. The book covers key elements of Sufism, including its definitions, discourses, leadership structures, institutions, and practices. Knysh also focuses on the Sufi interpretation of the Qur'an, drawing interesting comparisons with similar scriptural practices in Judaism and Christianity.

Additionally, the book delves into the transformation of Sufism from simple ethical teachings to a sophisticated tradition with established Sufi masters, or shaykhs, who held significant influence in the Muslim community. However, their authority was often challenged by others who emphasized the equality of all Muslims before God. Knysh also explores the roots of the ongoing tensions between Sufis and their fundamentalist critics, known as Salafis, highlighting a major aspect of contemporary Muslim life.

Drawing from a vast array of primary and secondary sources, "Sufism" provides an essential understanding of a crucial aspect of Islam. This book is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the history and development of Islamic mysticism.